FIBROIDS – Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. Also called leiomyomas . or myomas, uterine fibroids aren’t associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and less than 1% develop into cancer.
About 20 percent to 80 percent of women develop fibroids by the time they reach age 50. Fibroids are most common in women in their 40s and early 50s. Not all women with fibroids have symptoms. Women who do have symptoms often find fibroids hard to live with.
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What could be the size of a fibroid?
Fibroids range in size from seedlings, undetectable by the human eye, to bulky masses that can distort and enlarge the uterus. You can have a single fibroid or multiple ones. In extreme cases, multiple fibroids can expand the uterus so much that it reaches the rib cage.
What are the Symptoms?
Many women who have fibroids don’t have any symptoms. In those that do, symptoms can be influenced by the location, size and number of fibroids.
What could be the possible symptoms?
In women who have symptoms, the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids include:
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Menstrual periods lasting more than a week
Pelvic pressure or pain
Frequent urination
Difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Backache or leg pains
What are the types of fibroid?
1) Intramural fibroids grow within the muscular uterine wall.
2) Submucosal fibroids bulge into the uterine cavity.
3) Subserosal fibroids project to the outside of the uterus.
4) Cervical fibroid are located in the lower part of uterus.
5) Broad ligament fibroid -near the lateral border of uterus.
When to see a doctor?
See your doctor if you have:
Pelvic pain that doesn’t go away
Overly heavy, prolonged or painful periods
Spotting or bleeding between periods
Difficulty emptying your bladder
Severe vaginal bleeding or sharp pelvic pain that comes on suddenly.
Causing infertility
What are the Causes?
Genetic changes
Hormones
Other growth factors
The growth patterns of uterine fibroids vary – they may grow slowly or rapidly, or they may remain the same size. Some fibroids go through growth spurts, and some may shrink on their own. Many fibroids that have been present during pregnancy shrink or disappear after pregnancy, as the uterus goes back to a normal size.
What are the Risk factors?
There are few known risk factors for uterine fibroids, other than being a woman of reproductive age. Other factors that can have an impact on fibroid development include:
Heredity-If your mother or sister had fibroids, you’re at increased risk of developing them.
Race-Black women are more likely to have fibroids than women of other racial groups.
Environmental factors- Onset of menstruation at an early age; use of birth control; obesity; a vitamin D deficiency; having a diet higher in red meat and lower in green vegetables, fruit and dairy; and drinking alcohol, including beer, appear to increase your risk of developing fibroids.
What happens with fibroids in pregnancy?
it’s possible that fibroids – especially submucosal fibroids – could cause infertility or pregnancy loss. Fibroids may also raise the risk of certain pregnancy complications, such as placental abruption, fetal growth restriction and preterm delivery.
How is it diagnosed ?
Uterine fibroids are frequently found incidentally during a routine pelvic exam. Your doctor may feel irregularities in the shape of your uterus, suggesting the presence of fibroids. If you have symptoms of uterine fibroids, you doctor may . advise –
Ultrasound-It uses sound waves to get a picture of your uterus to confirm the diagnosis and to map and measure fibroids.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-This imaging test can show the size and location of fibroids, identify different types of tumors and help determine appropriate treatment options.
Hysterosonography – also called a saline infusion sonogram, uses sterile saline to expand the uterine cavity, making it easier to get images of submucosal fibroids and the endometrium.
Hysteroscopy – In submucous fibroid, your doctor inserts a small, lighted telescope called a hysteroscope through your cervix into your uterus. Your doctor then injects saline into your uterus, expanding the uterine cavity and allowing your doctor to examine the walls of your uterus and the openings of your fallopian tubes.
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